以H13热作模具钢和高强度钢为例,分别重点讨论钢的组织控制和设计.对H13钢,应消除原生碳化物和偏析,改善二次碳化物分布,使成分均匀化,缩小钢块纵、横向性能差,可将现国产H13钢的使用寿命显著提高.对兼具高强度(Rm＞2000MPa)和韧性钢的组织,拟设计为:低温回火马氏体组织,含高密度位错的细条马氏体,包有残余奥氏体薄膜,并分布弥散的碳化物(避免渗碳体的形成);钢含低的碳量,并含有一定量的Si、Al和Mn、Ni、Mo等合金元素及Nb等碳化物形成元素;适当应用Q-P处理、双相区退火、贝氏体或马氏体等温处理等.文章分两期发表.
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