利用饱和水溶液法,在NaNO3和LiNO3混和溶液中添加膨胀石墨(EG),在温度90℃的水浴箱内用强力电动搅拌机搅拌,随后放入120℃电热恒温鼓风干燥箱内24h烘干,得到NaNO3-LiNO3/EG高温复合相变材料,并分别制备了EG含量为10％、20％、30％的相变材料.利用SEM、DSC、Hot-disk和自行设计的自动循环设备分别对复合相变材料的微观形貌、相变温度、潜热、导热系数以及热循环过程中储放热行为进行了测试.研究表明,NaNO3-LiNO3共晶盐能够被吸附到石墨片层之间,形成稳定、均一的复合相变材料.随EG含量的增加,复合相变材料的有效潜热不断降低,但是相变温度变化微小,相变材料本身的储热性能也没有显著的变化,因此EG没有改变相变材料的储热性能.EG含量的增加,会显著提高复合相变材料的导热系数,并且随EG含量的增加而不断增大.EG含量低的复合材料在多次蓄放热的热循环过程中,热稳定性较好.饱和水溶液法制备NaNO3-LiNO3/EG复合相变材料是一种非常有效的强化复合材料导热功能的制备方法.在实际应用中,要综合考虑储热量、导热性能和热稳定性等各方面因素进行优化选择,以便使储热系统能够高效率、快频率、长寿命地运行.
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