材料及其界面的许多微尺度特性的改变常常会导致其热扩散率的变化，反之，则可以通过材料热扩散率参量的实际变化来表征这些特性。如在微尺度条件下，热扩散率会因为材料所受辐照剂量的改变而改变，亦和正电子的泯灭寿命存在着某些关系；在某些金属的相变点，其热扩散率会发生突变；某些材料的元素组分、晶粒尺度、薄膜厚度等参数的变化也会对热扩散率造成影响。总结了近年来国内外基于热扩散率的微尺度特性表征方法及其研究成果，阐述了各种表征方法的原理，并指出了其应用前景，有望为部分材料及其界面的一些微尺度特性的测试提供新的途径和方法。
Many characteristics of the microscale materials could result in change of thermal diffusivity,which could characterize these parameters in turn.For example,thermal diffusivity could change with the irradiation dose which has a direct effect on positron annihilation lifetime,thermal diffusivity could also change considera-bly at some metal’s phase transition point.Besides,elemental composition,grain size and film thickness have been studied as a function of thermal diffusivity as well.Accordingly,in this paper,characterization methods for microscale properties based on thermal diffusivity have been summarized,theory of each method has been used to analyze and application prospects have been indicated which are expected to provide new ways and meth-ods for microscale property test.
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