利用静电自组装法制备了壳聚糖/siRNA纳米粒,建立了SYBR Gold核酸染料法测定siRNA复合率(CR),并系统性考察了n(N)/n(P)比,壳聚糖分子量(Mw)、脱乙酰度(DD)及制备环境pH值、缓冲液浓度(Bc)对纳米粒siRNA复合率、粒径及表面电位的影响规律.结果表明,siRNA复合率由n(N)/n(P) 0.5时的(18.6±4.0)％快速增大至n(N)/n(P)为2时的(92.9±2.0)％,但随n(N)/n(P)增大复合率不再升高;n(N)/n(P)＜2时,难以形成稳定纳米粒,复合物表面电位为负,n(N)/n(P)由5升至150时,纳米粒粒径由(179.3±5.7) nm增大至(235.5±8.3) nm,表面电位由(17.2±1.3) mV升高至(23.6±0.9) mV.另外,n(N)/n(P) 150时,CR随DD升高而升高,随Bc升高而降低;纳米粒粒径随Mw增大而增大,随DD及缓冲液浓度(Bc)升高而减小;纳米粒表面电位随DD升高而升高,随pH值及Bc升高而降低.n(N)/n(P)比对纳米粒特性及siRNA复合率影响最为显著,调整n(N)/n(P)、Mw、DD、pH值及离子强度可得到siRNA复合率在90％以上,粒径100～300 nm,表面电位15～25 mV的纳米粒.
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