通过非线性有限元方法,建立了球囊扩张式冠脉支架自由扩张和狭窄血管体内扩张的数值计算模型.针对两种不同联接筋结构的冠脉支架,分析了S型和N型支架的自由扩张性能和介入狭窄血管后的体内扩张性能,研究了支架结构对血管组织机械损伤的影响机理.数值模拟结果表明,在自由扩张阶段,S型和N型支架变形均匀,两种支架的径向回弹率和轴向短缩率趋于一致,并且具有良好的扩张均匀性与一致性,有利于支架扩张狭窄血管和在血管内的精确定位.在体内扩张阶段,由于狭窄血管的约束作用,S型和N型支架的径向回弹率均高于自由扩张阶段,轴向短缩率均低于自由扩张阶段;但是S型支架介入狭窄血管后的径向回弹率和轴向短缩率略高于N型支架,引起了更低的血管应力水平和应力梯度,减少了血管组织的机械损伤,降低了支架介入术后的血管内再狭窄率.综上,提出的计算模型对于冠脉支架的生物力学性能评估、结构优化设计与介入术后的血管损伤评价提供了重要的理论依据.
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