在无水乙醇中以氨作催化剂，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，通过传统溶胶-凝胶工艺制备单分散 Si O 2球形颗粒，通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行研究各种反应条件正硅酸乙酯、氨和水的浓度、水解温度等对 SiO2小球颗粒大小和形貌的影响。结果显示，正硅酸乙酯、氨水浓度增加而SiO2小球粒径增大；去离子水量的增加而 SiO2小球粒径变小；温度升高团聚现象明显减少；陈化时间影响团聚，但团聚现象是可逆变化。讨论了 Si O 2小球颗粒在不同反应条件下的形成机理，以及由于Si O 2纳米小球的表面能高、稳定性差、使用中易产生团聚现象原因及解决的方法。
In this work,the monodispered spherical silicon dioxide particles have been prepared through the tra-ditional sol-gel process with ammonia as catalyst and with TEOS as silica source in anhydrous ethanol.The in-fluences of various reaction conditions involving TEOS concentration,ammonia concentration and water concen-tration on the particle size and morphology have been investigated through the field emission scanning electron microscope.Experimental results show that the diameter of the spherical SiO2 particle increases with the in-crease of TEOS concentration and ammonia concentration and decreases with the increase of deionized water concentration.Besides,the higher temperature reduced agglomeration significantly and aging time influenceag-glomeration.However,the agglomeration due to aging is reversible through agitation in ultrasonic set-up.The formation mechanism of silicon dioxide particles under different reaction conditions has been discussed.Finally, the agglomeration due to the high surface energy and poor stability of the nano-SiO2 particles is analyzed emplo-ying DLVO theory and the preliminary solution is proposed.
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