作为一种高能量密度和绿色环保的储能体系，锂硫电池的发展前景被普遍看好，但是其当前存在的活性材料利用率低、循环性能差、自放电严重等问题，严重制约了实用化进程。放电中间产物多硫化锂在电解液中的溶解与穿梭是导致上述问题的主要原因。人们起初多从改性正极材料入手开展研究工作，但随着认识的不断深入，逐步意识到锂硫电池的另一关键部件———有机电解液亦极大影响着电池性能，因此电解液研究近年来开始备受关注。首先分析了锂硫电池电解液的基本设计理念，然后详细论述了近几年在锂盐、有机溶剂、离子液体、添加剂等方面的研究进展，最后简要展望了电解液今后的发展方向。
Lithium sulfur (Li/S)battery is considered to be one of the most promising energy storing devices due to the advantages of high energy density (2 500 Wh/kg in theoretical),low cost and environmental friendli-ness.However,its practical application is greatly restricted by poor cycle capability,low utilization of active material,severe self-discharge,etc.The reason causing above problems lies mainly in the polysulfides (Li2 Sn,4≤n<8)formed during the electrochemical process.These intermediate products are soluble in organic electro-lyte,which leads to the loss of active material.What’s more,they can diffuse to the Li anode subsequently and react with it,destroying the anode structure as well as generating so-called“shuttle effect”.Modification of sul-fur cathode is a primary strategy for tackling these problems,but it is realized gradually that electrolyte compo-sition also greatly influence the battery performance.Therefore,the researches on the electrolytes have attrac-ted wide interests and attentions in recent years.In this paper,the basic principles for designing an electrolyte suitable for Li/S battery were analyzed at first.Then,the research progresses on lithium salts,organic sol-vents,ionic liquids and functional additives of the electrolytes were reviewed.Finally,the further developing di-rections of the electrolyte in Li/S battery were discussed briefly.
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