某风化矿泥含稀土在2%～5%,且稀土以氧化物形式存在于矿泥中.用盐酸加热浸取可将稀土浸出,转化为氯化稀土,再用草酸沉淀回收稀土.分析了盐酸浸出稀土的条件和动力学,其速率常数k=(760+0.64×1/ro2)exp(-10500/RT),表观活化能为10.5kJ/mol,是一个典型的内扩散控制过程.温度越高,矿泥粒度越细,越有利于稀土的回收.
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