选择10种含有不同官能团的有机物为表面修饰剂,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吐温-80、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙二醇、山梨醇、十二烷基磺酸钠、聚乙烯醇、十二烷基苯磺酸钠和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵等,在室温下进行了平均粒径在2～131nm范围内纳米银颗粒的控制合成研究.有机修饰剂中含有的不同官能团对制得的纳米银形貌的影响主要取决于有机修饰剂的官能团特性和还原剂的还原能力.在不同还原条件下,含多醚键的聚乙二醇、吐温-80皆易于合成出平均粒径为几纳米、粒径分布窄、分散性好的纳米银.在弱还原剂条件下,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵诱导生成了三角形片状纳米银,但是在强还原剂存在条件下生成了粒状纳米银.粒径大于10m的纳米银晶体的生长是通过小颗粒的聚集与熔合而成,而不是经过小颗粒的溶解-沉积过程形成.
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