采用溶剂热法制备不同形貌、不同大小的纳米ZnO粉体,以偶氮染料甲基橙(MO,Methyl Orange)作为光催化试验研究的对象,考察不同ZnO粉体、溶液的不同pH值、溶液的初始质量浓度和ZnO粉体投加量等因素对光催化氧化降解甲基橙的影响.研究结果表明:四种ZnO粉体的光催化性能都很强,纳米ZnO粉体适用于染料废水的光催化氧化;四种样品对MO溶液的脱色率的顺序为,锤状(20 nm)＞椭球状(20 nm)＞锤状(50 nm～100 nm)＞棒状(直径10 nm,长径比10～30);溶液在酸性和pH＞9的碱性环境中都较容易降解,pH在9左右是ZnO的等电点,对溶液的脱色率最低;试验确定甲基橙的最佳初始质量浓度为15 mg/L,每升甲基橙溶液最佳ZnO粉体的投加量为1 g.
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