管坯所受磁压力的准确求解是电磁成形变形分析,优化成形系统工艺参数的基础.通过ANSYS/EMAG软件,用远场单元来说明磁场在远场区间的耗散问题,对电磁胀形时作用在管坯上的磁压力进行准确计算.在线圈长度一定的条件下,讨论了管坯尺寸对磁压力瞬态分布和磁场扩散的影响,并根据管坯端部径向磁压力和中部径向磁压力的比值,提出以磁压力分布不均匀系数来反映磁场不均匀分布的程度.计算结果表明:当管坯和线圈的相对长度大于1时,管坯上与线圈等高处承受轴向拉应力,磁场扩散现象不严重;当相对长度小于0.92时,管坯端部承受轴向压应力,磁场扩散现象严重,相对长度0.92时为电磁胀形均匀成形的条件.
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