对比了3类金属粉末激光快速成形工艺:选区激光烧结;选区激光重熔,或称选区激光熔覆;以及直接激光沉积,或称激光净成形.提出了其分类依据是金属粉末与激光的作用机制,以及由此导致的金属粉末激光成形机理.综述了上述3类激光快速成形工艺的成形原理、成形材料及工艺优劣,分析了"球化"效应、翘曲变形、以及裂纹等对金属粉末激光成形性的影响规律及相应解决措施.
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