对304不锈钢进行了恒定温度下多种载荷的小冲孔蠕变试验,在此基础上建立了304不锈钢小冲孔蠕变试样的有限元模型.应用改进的K-R蠕变损伤本构方程,分析了在650℃、恒载荷条件下的试样中心挠度、应变等随时间的变化规律以及试样蠕变损伤与位置的关系.结果表明,试验与数值模拟结果基本一致,试样中心蠕变曲线都具有明显的三个阶段,与单轴试验的应变曲线十分相似.整个试样在中心损伤比较严重,呈现明显局部化特征.试样的失效首先在下表面,距试样中心约1/10处,这与试验观察到的试样颈缩部位完全一致.
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