采用硬度测试、光学显微镜、透射电镜等研究了时效过程中外加应力对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明,在应力时效和无应力时效的条件下,合金组织中均发生了完全再结晶,时效过程中施加外应力没有改变合金再结晶晶粒的形貌,但对析出相有较大影响.在应力时效条件下,合金中θ'相和Ω相均沿某一方向呈择优取向析出,即有应力位向效应产生.应力时效能够促进θ'相的析出,而抑制Ω相的析出,合金的峰值硬度也有所降低.这可能是由于在应力时效初期引入了大量的位错,为θ'相的异相形核提供了有利的位置,从而使与θ'相具有相同化学成分的Ω相的析出受到抑制.这一点从时效前预拉伸(变形量为6%)能够使θ'相数量增多而Ω相数量减少,且硬度略有降低得到验证.在应力时效过程中,位错的存在不利于溶质原子的扩散,阻碍了原子团簇的形成,从而延缓了合金中强化相的析出.
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