利用临界折射纵波对高强度7050-T7451铝合金预拉伸板中的不同位置的应力进行了测量,并对1MHz和5MHz频率的临界折射纵波在含有应力梯度材料中的传播规律进行了研究.结果表明:临界折射纵波的速度与材料中的应力具有较好的线性关系,能够用来对应力大小进行无损评价.温度和耦合条件是影响超声法应力测量的主要因素.温度不变时,不同部位的实测误差小于40MPa,在测量较高应力时,这一误差可以忽略不计.非均匀应力场的测量结果与实际应力分布基本一致.在含有应力梯度的材料中,1MHz临界折射纵波的速度变化大于5MHz临界折射纵波的变化,这说明不同频率的临界折射纵波能反映不同深度的应力.利用这一规律,将可能对材料中沿深度方向变化的近表面应力梯度进行超声无损评价.
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