采用离心铸造技术成功地制得了过共晶Al-10％Fe梯度材料，离心机转速每分钟1400转，金属模具预热温度450℃，浇注温度1000℃。采用金相及扫描电子显微镜、HV-5型小负荷维氏硬度计及销盘式ML-100型磨粒磨损试验机研究了梯度材料组织、硬度及耐磨性的分布规律。结果表明由于初晶Al3Fe密度比Al液密度高，在离心力场中初晶Al3Fe向试样外侧移动。Al-10％Fe合金梯度材料的组织分布为最外层初晶Al3Fe含量最多、尺寸也最大，由外向内，初晶Al3Fe的体积分数及尺寸均逐渐减小，且呈梯度变化。在内层一定厚度内，完全不含初晶Al3Fe。Al-10％Fe合金梯度材料的硬度分布为外层硬度较高，由外向内硬度逐渐减小，呈梯度分布。Al-10％Fe合金梯度材料试样的耐磨性试验结果表明，试样从外到内磨损厚度增大，即该梯度材料的耐磨性由外至内呈梯度下降的变化趋势。
Hypereutectic Al-10%Fe alloy functionally gradient materials(FGM)were made by centrifugal casting method. The rotation speed of the centrifugal machine is 1400 rpm. The metal mold was preheated at 450℃ and the metal melt was poured at 1000℃. The gradient distribution law of structure, hardness and wear resistance of the FGM were investigated by means of optical microscope and SEM, HV-5 model light load Vickers, and ML-100 model pin-disk abrasive wear testing machine. The results show that the primary crystal Al3Fe particles segregated to the outside of specimens in centrifugal field because the density of the primary crystal Al3Fe particles is bigger than that of Al alloy melt. The content and size of the primary crystal Al3Fe particles decreases gradually until disappears from outside to inside of the specimens, and changes in gradient. The hardness of Al-10%Fe alloy FGM decreases gradually from outside to inside of the specimens, changes in gradient, and agrees with the distribution law of the primary crystal Al3Fe particles. The wear resistance of Al-10%Fe alloy FGM, which depends on the distribution and content of the primary crystal Al3Fe particle, reduces from outside to inside of the specimens, changes in gradient, and agrees with the distribution law of hardness.
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