对空间目标的监视可采用地基和天基两种方式实现.与地基观测相比,天基观测在空域覆盖性和监视时效性等方面具有较大优势,空间目标天基观测技术已成为当今空间领域的前沿性技术.目前,许多国家和组织都在大力发展空间目标天基观测技术.天基光学观测可采用光学栅栏、特定天区和地球同步带搜索方式实现空间目标的捕获;可通过恒星跟踪和天文定位方法获取空间目标的位置信息;可采用等待或跟踪方式实现对目标的成像.
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