光束束腰与波长相比拟时,标量近似已不再成立.以高斯光束的微小圆孔衍射为例,对矢量衍射场的级数解、非傍轴近似解以及精确解进行了详细的数值计算和比较研究.结果表明,对受硬边光阑限制的非傍轴光束,级数展开法适用于处理光束在近场区域的传播,而非傍轴近似解则适用于处理非近场区域光束的传播,具有一定的互补性.讨论了高斯光束圆孔衍射标量近似的有效性,当高斯光束的束腰半径、衍射孔孔径大于几个光波波长时,标量衍射理论是精确、有效的.
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