量子纯态和混合态是量子信息中最重要的两种量子态,是研究密度算符、量子纠缠态和量子消相干的基础.量子纯态与混合态具有本质区别.量子干涉的一个最重要的特征是量子纯态的相对位相有可以观测的效应.利用量子力学的方法,通过测定特定力学量(σ)z,(σ)x和(σ)n的取值来分析从纯态到混合态的转变.结果表明:量子纯态中的测量是各向异性的,而对于混合态则是各向同性的.
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