为了提高量子密钥分配的安全性和效率,利用量子纠缠交换的规律,提出了基于纠缠交换的量子密钥分配协议.通信双方通过简单的Bell测量建立起共享密钥,窃听者不可能窃取密钥而不被发现.该协议与其它分配协议的不同在于,可以实现对任意两个Bell态进行Bell测量达到量子密钥分配的目的.协议的实现只需要EPR粒子对,而不需要制备多粒子纠缠态.分析结果表明,此协议只用到两粒子的纠缠态,不需要进行幺正操作,它不仅能够保证密钥分配的安全性,而且简单高效.
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