用一个简单模型分析了量子点产生能级的原因,推导出能级与量子点尺寸的表达式.根据量子点表面势垒为有限值的特点以及表面存在衰减波,提出量子点内电子波函数不完全满足驻波条件的观点,在量子点的能级表达式中引入一个修正系数.结合量子点表面衰减波的特征,给出量子点修正系数的计算方法.通过理论计算表明:量子点的能级以及能级之间的能量差(间隙)不但与量子点的尺寸有关,而且与其边界条件有关.特别是对于非光滑的表面,其表面势垒对量子点的能级与能隙影响非常大.
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