以甲烷为碳源,硫酸亚铁为催化剂前驱体,通过化学气相沉积在石墨基板上制得毛线状炭纤维.扫描电子显微镜观察得知所制炭纤维具有毛线状结构,由许多直径更小的子纤维交叉合并而成.单束毛线状炭纤维的直径为4 μm～8 μm.高分辨透射电子显微镜显示构成纤维的碳层排列不平直,存在偏转角,有序排列的碳层被分割成许多有序微晶区域.进一步采用X射线衍射和激光拉曼光谱等分析手段对其微观结构进行表征,表明毛线状炭纤维中碳层排列有序度较高,石墨微晶尺寸较大(La≈5 nm),层间距较小(d002=0.340 nm).推测毛线状炭纤维生长机理符合"吸附-扩散-析出"过程,形成毛线状结构主要由催化剂颗粒直径决定.
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