在膜分离过程中,膜通量总是随运行时间而下降.为了区分膜污染与浓差极化或者可能的膜形变对通量的影响,和选择适宜的清洗过程,对一种只敏感于膜表面状况的超声测量方法进行了广泛研究.通过平板膜(包括微滤膜、超滤膜和反渗透膜)以及卷式反渗透膜过程的应用实例,说明了这种实时、在线的超声时域反射法即Ultrasonic Time-Domain Reflectometry(UTDR)可以利用它的反射波的振幅和回声抵达超声传感器的时间来监测浓差极化、膜污染(例如CaSO4污染)与清洗过程,也可以用来测量膜的压紧度和污染层厚度.超声测量与传统膜性能测量结果有良好的关联,并具有区域性测量的特性.为了实用化目的,新近的研究进展也作了介绍.
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