研究了浓度、电荷和溶剂对膜通量和溶质截留率的影响.结果表明,在有机相中,溶质的截留率随浓度的增加而增加,该结果与水相纳滤的规律相反,通量衰减系数的分析结果发现,浓差极化是导致该结果的原因之一.溶质所带电荷对水相中的溶质截留率影响显著,但对有机相中的截留率影响很小,有机相中纳滤膜分离的主要机理为筛分效应.溶剂的粘度和极性是影响膜通量的主要因素,对于疏水性纳滤膜MPF-50,通量随黏度的增加而降低,溶剂极性与通量关系不明显;对于亲水性纳滤膜MPF-44,通量随极性的降低而降低,而与黏度关系不明显.在纯有机溶剂中,大豆异黄酮D的截留率随溶剂极性的增加而升高.但在甲醇-水的混合溶液中,大豆异黄酮D的截留随溶剂极性的增加而降低.目前普遍认为对于同种纳滤膜,相同有机分子在有机相中的截留率低于水中的截留率,但本文的研究发现,对MPF-50膜,大豆异黄酮D在甲醇和丙酮中的截留率反而显著高于水中的截留率,对该现象的解释有待进一步研究.
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