选用不同种类的溶剂以L-S相转化法制备PVDF超滤膜,讨论了不同溶剂种类对膜结构和性能的影响.研究表明,仅仅考虑以热力学参数来预测或解释得到的最终膜结构和性能都是不充分的,必须考虑成膜的动力学过程.采用的4种溶剂所制备的PVDF超滤膜的纯水通量与相互扩散系数之间有很好的关联性,其通量顺序为DMSO>NMP>DMAC>DMF,即随着溶剂与水的相互扩散系数的增大,膜的纯水通量减小;膜的SEM照片显示,对PCDF膜而言,纯水通量不仅仅取决于皮层的孔隙率,也可被认为是亚层形态的显示.同时还采用了两种复合溶剂NMP/THF,NMP/AC制备PVDF超滤膜,考察了由于溶剂与水的亲合性变化而导致的膜性能和结构的变化,结果表明,随着溶剂中丙酮和四氢呋喃的浓度增加,复合溶剂与水的亲合性降低,膜的纯水通量下降,膜变得更加致密小孔,膜的SEM照片也证明了这点.
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