膜污染是影响膜生物反应器大规模化应用的重要因素之一,而膜生物反应器在低于临界通量运行时能有效减缓膜污染.介绍了临界通量理论的概念、测定方法、产生机理和影响因素,并对各影响因素间的相互关系做了探讨.其中临界通量概念有强弱两种形式,膜生物反应器工艺应用的主要为弱形式的临界通量;临界通量的测定方法主要包括流量阶梯法、压力阶梯法和滞后效应法等;临界通量存在的机理可归结于活性污泥粒子所受的趋向于膜表面的拖曳力与粒子的返混作用达到了平衡,而拖曳力与返混力的大小主要与膜与膜组件特性、混合液性质及操作条件有关,且各个因素间相互影响.
Membrane fouling is one of the main factors affecting the large-scale application of membrane bioreactors, and running at sub-critical flux conditions could alleviate membrane fouling effectively.The concept of critical flux, the methods for determination of critical flux, formation mechanism, and factors influencing critical flux were introduced in this review and the relationships between each factor were concluded.The critical flux concept has two distinct forms, including strong form and weak form, and the weak form critical flux concept is applied to MBR processes; the critical flux can be mainly obtained from flux-TMP measurements often by flux or pressure stepping and the hysteresis method; the critical flux of the system is the flux value which corresponds to an equilibrium state between the forces that drag the particles to the membrane one hand and the forces driving the particles back off the membrane on the other hand, and these forces depend on the characteristics of the membrane and medules, those of activated sludge and the operation condition which interact with each other.
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