在表征纳滤膜分离性能时通常采用真实截留率(R),然而R不能直接测定,一般借助传质系数通过浓差极化模型求得,因实验条件的差别导致文献报道的计算传质系数的经验方程各异,对卷式膜的有效性也难以确定.文章基于浓差极化理论模型和卷式膜元件的流道结构,结合NF90-2540型卷式纳滤膜元件对NaCl溶液的纳滤实验结果,建立了膜真实截留率的计算公式,为卷式纳滤膜R的求取提供了一种直接方法.同时,实验和分析结果表明,浓差极化程度主要受渗透通量和料液在流道中平均流速的影响:流速较低时,浓差极化程度随渗透通量增加也明显增加,表观截留率(Robs)与R相差明显;随着流速增加,浓差极化程度下降,当流速达到0.2 m/s以上时,渗透通量对浓差极化的影响较小,Robs与R可不超过1%.
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