Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料极具替代现有镍基超合金作为未来飞行器发动机超高温部件材料的潜力.本研究采用反应热压烧结、反应放电等离子烧结等粉末冶金技术及氩弧熔炼技术制备了多种成分的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料,并对其组织形态、高温强度及室温塑性进行了考察.结果表明:两种粉末法制得的复合材料具有类似的显微组织,即Nb固溶体与硅化物两相均呈现等轴状晶粒分布.合金元素Mo、W对烧结组织形貌无明显影响,但可改变凝固过程Nb5Si3的析出机制,从而优化氩弧熔炼合金的组织形态.粉末合金保持较高高温强度,并具有较高室温塑性.熔炼材料的高温强度远高于粉末合金,其中Nb-16Si-10Mo-15W合金1600℃时的压缩屈服强度高达500MPa.
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