用等离子熔覆预先涂敷于碳钢表面的多层Ni60+TiC涂层,得到了无层界梯度TiC熔覆层.采用电子探针面扫描和特征X射线扫描两种方式对熔覆层主要元素的分布进行了分析,用图像分析仪对各区域的TiC含量进行了定量测试.结果表明:从熔覆层底部到顶层,TiC的粒径和含量呈梯度变化,粒径由底部的1.25～2.5μm增加到表层的15～25μm,含量由3%上升到18%,TiC的形貌由球状过渡到花瓣状、团簇状;熔覆层中的组织亦呈梯度分布:粗大柱状晶→胞状树枝晶→细小树枝晶;熔覆层中Si、Fe依次减小,而Ti、Cr依次增加,Ni分布较均匀.熔池中TiC颗粒的碰撞、粘结和表面张力偶作用对梯度熔覆层的形成起决定性作用.熔覆层内部无明显层界,但存在陶瓷相的微观不均匀性.整个熔覆层的显微硬度亦呈梯度分布.
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