城市生活垃圾高温焚烧时容易导致垃圾中的某些重金属(温度超过其熔点)挥发,以及与烟气中的HCl,SO2,O2生成氯化物、硫化物和氧化物.研究分析了镉、铬、镍、铅、铜和锌等金属氯化物的形成过程及焚烧温度、气氛、水分等因素对重金属氯化物挥发过程的影响.实验结果表明:在1 000 ℃的焚烧温度下,空气气氛下重金属氯化物的挥发率低于N2惰性气氛下的挥发率,铬、镍和铜的氯化物挥发率差别较大,在5%以上,其他金属差别较小;随着垃圾焚烧温度升高,增加了重金属的挥发量;烟气中HCl的存在,也增加重金属的挥发量;增加试验样品的含水率,CuCl2和PbCl2的挥发量有微小增加,而ZnCl2的挥发量却有明显的降低.
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