为了研究聚丙烯腈纤维各级超分子结构形态及结晶的微观形态,弄清楚制备碳纤维的过程与所得到纤维结构和性能的关系,用透射电子显微镜分析了凝胶网络和皮芯结构的形成及预氧化和炭化过程中纤维结构的演变历程.结果表明:原丝具有明显的皮芯结构,外表层凹凸不平,从表层至心部是一层过渡区,表层的片层较心部的薄且致密.碳纤维网络骨架间接点的密集程度和原丝的密集程度有直接关系,原丝网络骨架的接点密集度低及晶粒组织大,随后得到的最终碳纤维密集度低及晶粒组织也大,其强度和模量明显高.碳纤维强度主要是纤维中弥散分布的"小晶区"做出的贡献;原丝微观结构中,"晶区"数量、大小和弥散分布情况以及构成三维空间网络结构的致密程度决定了预氧丝和碳纤维的性能.
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