利用具有特定结构的物质作为模板,来引导纳米有序结构的制备与组装,从而实现对纳米材料的组成、结构、形貌、尺寸、取向和排布等的控制,为研究纳米有序体系的性质提供了有利途径.模板可以分为软模板和硬模板两种,本文介绍了氧化铝、胶体晶体、胶束、生物大分子等几种常见模板的特点.利用模板法,可以制备金属、合金、氧化物、半导体和聚合物及其复合组份等多种纳米结构有序体系.本文结合我实验室最近的研究工作综述了利用模板法制备纳米有序结构体系的研究进展.
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