超疏水表面是指对水的接触角θ超过150°且滚落角α低于2°的固体表面,用来解释超疏水现象的两种经典理论分别是Wenzel模型和Cassie模型.在表征表面超疏水性时,除常用的θ、α外,接触角滞后△θ、斜面上液滴滞留在材料表面上的最大半径Rc、两种状态转化时的临界压力△p以及液滴落下后能反弹的临界撞击速度Vc也是非常重要的参数.依据表面微细结构和低表面自由能是构成超疏水表面的两个重要条件,阐述了通过在疏水表面构建表面微细结构和用低表面能物质修饰粗糙表面这两种方法制备超疏水表面,并提出了今后研究中应该注意的一些问题.
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