经过自然界的长期选择和进化,很多生物形成了多维、分级的精细结构,从而辅助其实现一种或数种功能目的.这为新型功能材料的设计和开发提供了很好的借鉴,因此近些年来研究并模仿生物结构,已成为新材料研究的主要热点之一.然而,由于多数生物结构非常精细复杂,因此直接采用传统的人工方法很难制备出类似的结构.遗态方法通过直接以生物结构为模板,选择合适的物理化学方法,在保持模板精细分级结构的同时,将框架成分转化为目标材质,可制备具有生物精细分级结构的新型功能材料.文章从遗态的思路和原理出发,给出了几种常用的制备方法,并介绍了近几年来基于几种典型生物结构的遗态材料研究进展,以及在光响应、光催化、电磁波吸收、气敏等相关领域的功能探索.
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