仿生超疏水表面材料具有特殊微纳米结构,因此表现出自清洁、防污染等一系列优异性能.在荷叶、水黾腿、蝴蝶翅膀等自然界中超疏水性组织和器官的启发下,仿生超疏水表面材料的设计和研发的目标不仅在于模仿生物的功能结构,更主要的是制备组分和结构均可调的超疏水表面,从而获得既有疏水自清洁性,同时强度、耐热、耐酸碱等性能又十分优异的新材料.该类材料在国防、工业、农业、医学和日常生活中均有广阔的应用前景.从超疏水材料纳米界面的结构出发,分析材料的疏水原理及其制备方法,介绍了近几年来该材料的研究进展以及在管道无损运输、房屋建筑和防水等应用领域的探索,展望了其未来的应用方向和前景.
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