增材制造技术(也称3D打印技术)在发展新型TiAl合金领域有巨大潜力.电子束熔炼技术制备TiAl合金逐渐引起关注,本文对相关工艺探索的研究进行了综述.通过调节EBM过程中的各工艺参数,例如片层厚度、熔炼温度、扫描速率、线能量和构建路径等参数,可获得致密并且无大量Al损失的均匀样品.经过热等静压处理和热处理,可得到细小均匀的组织.通过控制热处理温度,可获得等轴近Gamma组织、双态组织(片层比率不同)或全片层组织.介绍了高Nb-TiAl合金合金粉末、块体材料制备工艺对组织的影响等.总结了EBM技术的优点和存在问题(包括解决缩孔、Al损失、组织和性能的精确控制等问题),并对其发展前景进行了展望.我国利用EBM技术制备Ti合金的研究工作刚开始,尚未开展制备TiAl合金的研究工作.
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