Nb-Si基超高温合金具有高熔点、适中的密度、良好的高低温力学性能等特征,有潜力应用于1 200～1 450℃高温,但其抗氧化性能较差.综述了该合金的成分特点、制备方法、特别是其抗氧化硅化物渗层的制备方法、组织特点及其氧化行为.重点介绍了该合金的整体定向凝固方法及其组织特点.开发了Al,Y,Cr,B,Ce,Zr,Ge等单元以及多元联合改性的NbSi2基硅化物涂层体系,其中多种涂层体系经1 250～1 350℃恒温氧化100～200 h或1 250℃～室温循环氧化100次后仍对基体合金具有优异的保护能力.其中最具有代表性的是采用Si-Al-Y2O3包埋共渗在Nb-Si基超高温合金表面制备的Y,Al二元联合改性硅化物渗层.Al对渗层氧化行为的改性体现于对氧化膜组织结构的影响,即合适的Al含量可促使在渗层(Nb,X)Si2外层的表面优先生成SiO2,从而形成以SiO2·Al2O3为主的致密氧化膜.
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