传统设计与制备技术手段往往难以实现预期精细结构与功能构筑,从而限制了材料结构-性能之间新现象的发现与新机理的建立.借用经亿万年自然优化的生物自身多层次、多维和多尺度的本征结构为模板,通过物理和化学手段,在保留生物精细分级结构的同时,置换生物模板的化学组分为所需功能组分,利用生物精细结构与人工组分之间的耦合关系,可制备既遗传自然生物精细形态,又有人为赋予特性的新材料——遗态材料.围绕具有蝶翅精细结构的遗态光功能材料,分别以金属-半导体功能蝶翅的红外吸收增强及光热转换、金属功能蝶翅的表面等离子体拉曼增强为例,介绍了遗态材料的设计思路、制备方法、性能表征及相关机理探索过程.相关思路与方法为解决分级精细结构难以制备的难题提供了新途径,并为新材料构型设计提供了前瞻性思路和原理验证.
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