金属高性能增材制造技术主要包含以激光立体成形技术为代表的同步送粉(送丝)高能束(激光、电子束、电弧等)熔覆技术和以选区激光熔化技术为代表的粉末床成形技术两个技术方向,可以实现复杂金属构件的无模具、快速、自由实体近净成形,同时确保成形构件的力学性能优于铸件,接近、甚至与锻件相当.这使得金属高性能增材制造技术成为了航空高性能复杂构件制造的重要技术途径,也为提升先进飞机和航空发动机结构的设计效能,实现功能优先的优化设计创造了重要条件.评述了金属增材制造技术的技术特征及其典型成形件的力学性能,并对目前国内外金属增材制造技术在航空领域的应用现状进行了较为全面的分析,探讨了金属增材制造在航空领域应用所存在的问题,并指出了目前航空领域应用金属增材制造所具有的主要效益.
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