薄壁钣金构件是机械装备的重要外观和结构件.结合现有的钣金零件生产技术与装备,概述了能源行业用钣金零部件的成形技术现状.重点介绍了燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板凹凸状流道成形技术、 核燃料定位格架条带的冲切弯曲成形技术和太阳能电池基板轧制成形技术的研究现状.运用ABAQUS/Explicit软件,通过编写VUMAT用户材料子程序引入材料模型、 各向异性屈服准则和韧性断裂准则,建立了一种镍合金核燃料格架条带冲裁成形的三维数值仿真模型.冲裁断口质量的仿真结果与试验获得的光亮带和断裂带的比例分布吻合较好.通过ABAQUS子程序二次开发,实现了历史变形损伤残余由实体单元到壳单元的映射,应用于后续弯曲成形仿真,并与试验结果相对比,验证了损伤映射的必要性和准确性.
In the present work, the state?of?the?art in forming technologies of sheet metal components for energy industry was summarized. Especially, the current forming technologies of bipolar plate for fuel PEMFC, spacer grid in LWR fuel assembly and solar cell substrate were mainly addressed. The three dimensional forming simulation model of blanking process for one spacer grid stripe was built up based on ABAQUS/Explicit. The user material subroutine VUMAT was em?ployed and the material model, anisotropic yield criterion and ductile fracture criterion in ABAQUS were implemented. Comparison of predicted blanking fracture section and experimental results shows that the FEM simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Through the secondary development of the subroutine in ABAQUS, the map?ping of the historical residual damage from solid elements to shell element was realized. The bending process after blanking was simulated with this mapping method. The accuracy of the mapping method was verified by comparing simulation results with or without mapping with the experiment result.
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