材料期刊网

超级电容器具有功率密度高、循环寿命长和安全性高等优点，在储能领域具有巨大的应用前景。如何设计和制备具有优异电容性能的电极材料和电极结构是制备高性能超级电容器的关键。过渡金属氮化物（MxN，M=Ti, V, Mo, Nb, W）是一类具有开发潜力的优异电化学储能材料。相比碳材料，过渡金属氮化物具有更大的比电容，相比过渡金属氧化物电极材料，过渡金属氮化物表现出更为优异的倍率性能和快速充放电性能。介绍了几种典型的过渡金属氮化物储能材料及其电容特性，利用金属氮化物纳米线高长径比的特征，通过简单真空抽滤的方法，制备了具有良好机械柔性的三维交织的纳米线基薄膜纸电极；结合凝胶电解液，构建了高性能的柔性全固态超级电容器，最后对过渡金属氮化物在超级电容器领域的发展进行了展望。

With growing concerns overfossil energy and ever-increasing environmental pollution, there is a strong and growing demand for the development of efficient energy-storage systems for applications in portable electric devices, smart grids and electric vehicles (EVs).Supercapacitor (SC), an emerging energy storage device that bridges the gap between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries, hasattracted increasing attentionsdue to its large power density, long-term operation stability as well as high safety. Electrode materials are the key components of SCs, largely determining the device performance. Transitional metal nitrides (TMNs,M=Ti, V, Mo, Nb, W)arepromising electrochemical electrode materialsfor SCs due to high conductivity and large specific capacitance. Compared to carbon electrodes such as carbon nanotube, graphene and active carbon, metal nitrides exhibit higher specific capacitance, especially much higher volumetric capacitance. Additionally, because of high conductivity like metal, transitional metal nitrides exhibit super rate performance and higher power density at high current densitycompared to metal oxide electrodes such as manganese oxides and nickel oxides. This review summarizes the most recent progress in fabrication, morphology, capacitive properties and energy storage mechanism of several typical transitional metal nitride nanostructures. Flexible and bendable electrodes consisting of three dimensional intertwined metal nitride nanowires were fabricated by a simple vacuum filtration method and their outstanding electrochemical properties were reported. The flexible all-solid-state supercapacitor devices with high-energy storage properties were produced based on flexible electrodes of transitional metal nitride nanowires together with the gel-like electrolyte. Finally, the perspective of transitional metal nitrides for better energy storage devices is also discussed.