在经历了大“塑性”变形后，通过施加某种特定激励(如变温、浸泡化学溶剂、试剂、光照等)，材料能够恢复到原来的形状。具有这种形状记忆效应功能的材料被称为形状记忆材料。一系列试验表明，聚合物材料大都具有热驱动和化学驱动的形状记忆效应。最近的研究更证实了：依据多种基本原理，人们不仅可以通过修改已有的材料(如各种工程塑料)，来设计新材料，并且可以优化材料，使之具有我们需要的形状记忆功能去满足工程应用的要求。因此，此种技术可以被称为高级形状记忆技术，以区别过去只局限于某些特定材料的形状记忆及其技术。高级形状记忆技术可以为产品从设计、制造到最终再循环提供不同于传统方法的思路。着重介绍了这一方面的最新进展。
After being severely and quasi-plastically deformed, upon applying a particular stimulus, some materials are a-ble to recover their original shape. Such a phenomenon is known as the shape memory effect ( SME) and materials with this feature are called shape memory material ( SMM) . Recent experiments reveal that heating-/ chemo-responsive SMEs are al-most intrinsic features of polymers. Further investigation confirms that based on various basic mechanisms, we are able to not only enable the SME in currently used materials, but also design a new SMM and further more optimize their performance. Hence, this technology may be termed advanced shape memory technology ( ASMT) , in order to distinguish it from the pre-vious definition, which is limited to some particular SMMs. ASMT is able to reshape product design, fabrication and even recycling. This paper aims to review recent development in this area.
参考文献
| [1] | Wei ZG.;Miyazaki S.;Sandstrom R..Shape-memory materials and hybrid composites for smart systems - Part I Shape-memory materials [Review][J].Journal of Materials Science,199815(15):3743-3762. |
| [2] | Felton, S.M.;Tolley, M.T.;Shin, B.;Onal, C.D.;Demaine, E.D.;Rus, D.;Wood, R.J..Self-folding with shape memory composites[J].Soft matter,201332(32):7688-7694. |
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