荧光成像是生物医学研究领域应用最广的成像技术之一.随着纳米技术的快速发展,具有优良特性的荧光纳米材料不断涌现.相比于传统的荧光分子,荧光纳米材料具有光学稳定性高、形貌尺寸易调控、多功能化等优点.利用荧光纳米材料作为探针的生物荧光成像能够为研究者提供从细胞、离体组织到活体生物样本的结构和动态信息等方面全面细致的探测方法,成为当前材料、光学、生物医学等多学科交叉领域的研究热点.结合近年来荧光纳米材料及其生物成像应用的发展趋势以及本课题组前期的研究工作基础,归纳概述了几种类型荧光纳米材料的特性,包括基于有机荧光染料的纳米颗粒、半导体量子点、碳基荧光纳米材料以及稀土掺杂上转换发光纳米材料,结合具体例子介绍了荧光纳米材料在生物医学成像中的应用,并对其发展前景进行了展望.
Fluorescence imaging is one of the most widely used imaging techniques in biomedical research.Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology,different kinds of fluorescent nanomaterials with excellent properties are constantly emerging.Compared to traditional fluorescent molecules,fluorescent nanomaterials show many advantages,such as superior photostability,tunable morphology and size,as well as multifunction.Fluorescence imaging based on nanomaterials offers a unique approach that can be used to visualize morphological details for bio-species,ranging from living cells to animals,forming a major thrust in the fields of materials,optics,biomedical and so on.In this article,we will present a focused review on various types of fluorescent nanomaterials,including organic dye doped nanoparticles,semiconductor quantum dots,and fluorescent carbon nanomaterials.The applications of these nanomaterials in bioimaging will be summarized with examples.We will also discuss some challenges and opportunities for the use of fluorescent nanomaterials in biomedical diagnosis and therapy.
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