当前科学技术的迅速发展对工程材料的性能提出了越来越严苛的要求.工程陶瓷具有高强高硬、优异的高温性能以及耐腐蚀等众多优势,已逐渐代替传统的工程金属材料,被应用于一些极端环境下的各种工程结构中,而陶瓷材料的连接成为该材料成功使用的关键技术之一.但是现有陶瓷接头性能相对于母材较低,导致工程陶瓷连接结构性能不高主要有两大原因,即陶瓷基体弹性应变能的积累和界面脆性反应层生成.分别综述了近年来不断涌现的缓解陶瓷基体弹性应变能和控制界面脆性反应层厚度的各种工艺方法,具体分析了每项工艺方法的理论机理、适用条件、使用范例以及不足.并对进一步提高工程陶瓷连接结构力学性能的理论研究和工艺方法进行了展望.
With the rapid development of science and technology,more and more stringent requirements for the properties of engineering materials are put forward.Engineering ceramics possess multiple advantages such as high strength and hardness,excellent resistance to high temperature and corrosion.With the gradual application of the engineering ceramics in extreme environment as alternatives for traditional metallic materials,the joining techniques of these ceramics appear to be one of the critical issues before used successfully.However,currently the properties of the joints of the ceramics are much lower than that of the matrix themselves,which are mainly due to two reasons.One is the accumulation of elastic strain energy in the ceramic matrix,and the other is the formation of the brittle reaction layer at the interface.In this review,various techniques emerging in recent years are introduced for the relief of the elastic strain energy of the ceramic base materials and the control of the thickness of the brittle reaction layer at the interface,whose basic theories,condition of use,examples of application,and disadvantages are analyzed in detail.At last,an outlook is provided for the theoretical research and technical procedures for the further development of mechanical properties of the joint structures of engineering ceramics.
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