偏晶合金的应用十分广泛,其中许多具有重要的工业应用背景,但该类合金凝固时首先发生液-液相变,极易形成偏析严重乃至两相分离的凝固组织,因此其凝固过程研究与工业制备技术研发受到了严重限制.近年来,偏晶合金凝固理论受到材料科学领域的高度重视,为了深入研究偏晶合金凝固组织形成过程及演变规律,材料科学工作者分别在空间微重力条件下和地面重力场内对该类合金开展了大量凝固实验,探索了偏晶合金的常规凝固行为、快速凝固行为、定向凝固行为和连续凝固行为等,考察了微重力场、电场、磁场、离心力场、超声场等外场以及微合金化元素对偏晶合金凝固过程的影响,并结合实验对偏晶合金凝固组织形成过程开展了深入的建模与模拟研究,阐明了偏晶合金凝固机理及关键影响因素.综述了有关偏晶合金凝固研究的进展,介绍了本研究团队相关研究工作,并展望了未来偏晶合金凝固研究的方向.
Alloys with a miscibility gap in the liquid state are a broad kind of materials.Many of them have great potential applications in the fields such as chemical industry, automobile, machinery, electronic industry for their special physical and mechanical characteristics.However, these alloys have an essential drawback that the miscibility gap poses problems during solidification.When a homogeneous single phase liquid is cooled into the miscibility gap, it develops into two liquids.Generally, the liquid-liquid decomposition leads to a microstructure with serious phase segregation under the conventional solidification conditions.The application of immiscible alloys is, thus, very limited.In recent decades, many experimental and theoretical researches were carried out to investigate the solidification of immiscible alloys under the normal gravity and microgravity conditions.It has been demonstrated that the rapid solidification technique and sub-rapid solidification technique have great future in the manufacturing of immiscible alloys.Addition of effective inoculant for the nucleation of the minority phase droplets and proper application of external fields, e.g., static magnetic field, electric current pulses, etc.may promote the formation of immiscible alloys with a well dispersed microstructure.Up to date, great progress has been made in this field.The objective of this article is to review the research work in this field during the last few decades.
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