材料期刊网

铁电压电材料是一类非常重要的功能材料,在国民经济?高技术和国防工业中有着重要应用.含铅铁电压电材料由于具有类型丰富?性能优异?成本低廉等优势而被广泛应用.随着绿色可持续社会发展理念的深入,含铅材料对人体及环境的不利影响日益受到关注,开发环境友好的无铅压电材料成为铁电压电材料学科的重要研究方向.无铅压电材料的形式包括陶瓷和单晶, 目前有两类无铅压电材料受关注程度较高:①BaTiO3(BT)、Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(BNT)、(K,Na)NbO3(KNN)三大体系无铅压电材料,因其具有准同型相界(MPB)或多型相界(PPB)结构,在相界组分附近表现出优异的压电性能,而受到广泛的研究;②铋层状结构和钨青铜体系无铅压电材料,因其具有居里温度高及各向异性大等特性而受到人们的重视.根据国内外有关无铅压电材料文献资料,分析和总结了无铅压电材料的组分设计、相界构建与性能调控、材料制备的最新研究进展,讨论了离子或化合物掺杂改性和制备工艺对材料性能的影响,分析了无铅压电单晶在制备上存在的挑战及空间生长对组分复杂的固熔体单晶生长带来的好处等问题.最后,在此基础上,对无铅铁电压电材料今后研究和发展方向进行了展望.

Ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials are very important functional materials and have many important applications in the national economy, high technology and national defense industry.As lead-based ferroelectric materials are of rich types, excellent performance, low cost and other advantages, they are widely used.With the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable society, the harm of lead-based materials on human and environment has gotten more and more attentions, so the environmentally friendly lead-free piezoelectric materials have become the important research direction.There are two types of lead-free piezoelectric materials concerned about in this paper: ① BaTiO3(BT), Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3(BNT) and (K, Na)NbO3(KNN) lead-free piezoelectric materials have been studied extensively because of their morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) or polymorphic phase boundaries (PPB) structures, by which makes the materials to exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties;② bismuth layer structure and tungsten bronze lead-free piezoelectric materials present high Curie temperature and obvious anisotropy.Based on the literatures of lead-free piezoelectric materials, this paper summarizes the recent advances in component design, phase boundary construction and performance control, and material preparation, at same time discusses the effect of ion or compound doping modification and the preparation process on the properties of the material.It also analyzes the challenges in the preparation of the lead-free piezoelectric single crystal and the benefits of the space growth of the complex solid-state single crystal.On this basis, we prospect the future development tendency of lead-free piezoelectric materials.