沼气和太阳能作为一种清洁的可再生能源已引起人们广泛的关注.以麦秆、树叶和玉米芯为原料,将其进行微波热解碳化,并将碳化产物分别作为促进剂和对电极催化剂应用于厌氧发酵(Anaerobic Digestion, AD)和染料敏化太阳能电池(Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, DSSCs)中,研究其对沼气厌氧发酵系统的产气量、化学需氧量(Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD)去除率、pH和DSSCs光伏性能的影响,探究其在太阳能和生物质能领域的应用潜能.实验结果表明:碳化生物质作为厌氧发酵促进剂可明显提高沼气产量(添加碳材料549 mL/g VS vs. 对照组409 mL/g VS),提高COD去除率(添加碳材料68.00 % vs. 对照组29.55 %),且对厌氧发酵系统pH没有显著影响;碳化生物质作为对电极催化剂,其DSSCs的光电转换效率与同等实验条件下传统贵金属Pt电极相近(3.52 % vs. 4.64 %),可作为替代贵金属Pt的低成本材料用于染料敏化太阳能电池中.
As a renewable and clean energy, biogas and solar energy have attracted wide attention.In this paper, straw, leaves and corncob were carbonized by microwave pyrolytic carbonization technique, then, the carbonized-biomass were used as accelerant in anaerobic digestion (AD) and as counter electrode (CE) catalyst in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).The influence of the as-prepared carbon materials as accelerants on biogas production, chemical oxygen demand (COD) removing rate, pH value of the AD system and on the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs as CE catalysts was investigated, and further understanding the potential application of carbonized-biomass in the field of solar energy and biomass energy was discussed.Results indicate that, adding of carbonized-biomass as accelerant into anaerobic digestion system can obviously increase the biogas production (adding carbon materials 649 mL/g VS vs.control check 409 mL/g VS), improve the COD removing rate (adding carbon materials 68.00 % vs.control check 29.55 %), but has no effect on the pH value of the biogas AD system.The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs using the carbonized-biomass is close to the traditional Pt electrode under the same condition (3.52% vs. 4.64%).The as-prepared carbon materials can be used as low-cost materials instead of Pt in DSSCs.
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