利用气体和气溶胶捕集系统( GAC) ,与伏安极谱分析仪( VA)的联用,自行研制了一套大气PM2.5水溶性重金属元素在线监测系统( GAC—DPASV) ,实现了水溶性元素Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu的富集与检测,并对系统各部分的原理和结构进行了描述.该系统时间分辨率为0.5 h,采样时间为15 min, GAC捕集液进样量为5 mL,样品计量进样装置和DPASV检测装置分析时间为30 min.通过一系列参数优化,确定了系统最佳运行条件;混合标液的标定结果显示,Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu的线性相关系数(R2)均在0.987—0.999之间,大气质量浓度最低检出限分别为7.17、0.92、4.25、2.13 ng·m-3;Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu加标回收率分别为114%、103%、111%、96%,Cd测量准确度最高,测量精密度均小于8%,表明整个系统的重现性及准确度良好.在线应用结果表明联用系统能够连续在线自动监测,且Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu水溶性含量受到降雨冲刷影响较大.
An on-line monitoring system for PM2.5 water soluble heavy metals elements ( GAC—DPASV) was developed by using gas and aerosol collector system ( GAC ) , together with the polarographic heavy metal element analyzer, realizing enrichment and detection of the water soluble heavy metals ( Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) . The principle and structure of the system were described with a time resolution of 0. 5 h and 5 mL sampling volume. The sampling time was 15 min, and DPASV detection device needed 30 min. The optimal operation conditions of the system were determined through a series of parameters optimization. The calibration curve indicated good regression results with the linear correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0.987— 0.999, and the lowest detection limit of Zn,Cd, Pb, Cu were 7.17、0.92、4.25、2.13 ng·m-3 respectively. For the 5 μg·L-1 standard solution, the average recovery of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu were 114%, 103%, 111%, 96% respectively, and the reproducibility and stability of the whole system showed good performance with the precision less than 8%. The result of online application indicated that the combination system could monitor online continuously, and the water soluble contents of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu were affected heavily by rain.
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