未改性的介孔无机凝胶虽然具有较大的孔径,原则上可以吸附较大的分子或离子,但由于吸附剂的表面性质简单,与吸附质之间的作用力弱,因而吸附容量低,选择性不理想.采用表面修饰或杂化的方法在介孔凝胶中引入各种官能团或改变介孔凝胶的表面电荷之后,吸附剂的表面性质得到了很大的改善,吸附剂可以靠静电作用、离子交换、疏水作用、氢键、络合作用、基于分子阀门的开关效应和基于分子印迹的分子识别等机制对吸附质进行选择吸附.
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