利用L-半胱氨酸-石墨烯-L-天冬氨酸纳米复合膜构建pb2+的新型电化学传感器实现了环境水样中铅的灵敏测定.首先将石墨烯和L-半胱氨酸通过电聚合制备了L-半胱氨酸-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极,然后利用戊二醛通过共价键合连接上L-天冬氨酸,制备了L-天冬氨酸-L-半胱氨酸-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极.由于L-天冬氨酸的良好选择性以及石墨烯的好导电性能,提高了传感器对pb2+的信号响应和选择性.试验结果表明,测定1×10-7 mol/L的pb2+,10倍量的Cu2+、Ca2+、Co2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Zn2+、Ni2+、Hg2+几乎不干扰测定(峰电流改变小于5％).在pH4.5的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,铅离子的浓度与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性范围为2.0×10-9～6.0×10-6 mol/L,检出限为6.0×10-10 mol/L(S/N=3).该修饰电极用于环境水样中铅的测定,测定值与ICP-AES的测定值基本一致.
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